Preexistence
February 18, 2006, Li Shihe 64-year-old flew from Beijing to Sanya, Hainan Province, who was known as TD-SCDMA (hereinafter referred to as TDS) father, the father of China's 3G has been the spirit of Jue Shuo old man, wearing a large black square spectacles, in a typical image of Chinese engineers there, but now he wants to enjoy what it called China's most beautiful beaches.
11 years, Lee's fate with the 3G and volatility. He presided over the TDS - the domestic 3G standard commercial development and promotion of standards, from the technical framework paper, and now most likely become the mainstream of China's future 3G standard, and TDS fates got tied for 11 years, Li Shihe run as a for long marathon, now is the sprint of the night before.
Triple long talk behind closed doors
Li Shihe is Chongqing, in 1963 graduated from the Chengdu Institute of Telecommunication Engineering, Department of Physics, Nanjing University after studying for master's degree. In 1968, Lee entered the fourth China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Research Institute, but two years later, was labeled a counterrevolutionary in Xi'an dig a tunnel label. In 1978, Lee 800 countries apply
Recruited abroad, and then flew to Montreal, Canada universities, four years later obtained a doctorate. In 1983, Lee returned to the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of the fourth, becoming chief engineer. Monthly salary of 70 yuan, he began to produce a strong interest in mobile communications. Was dominated by the world's telecommunications or fixed, but the Lee but not for international communication on the development of a pro-mobile. In 1985, according to international research base, he went to Chongqing, China hosted the first cellular mobile communication network design and equipment selection. 1991, Jiangyin City, he helped develop the analogue mobile phone under the terminal, "I started to come up with a big kettle, a large brick!" At a time when mobile communication devices, whether domestic or foreign manufacturers terminals have been dominating the world.
The reality of the domestic mobile communications, prospects and research experience accumulated Li Shihe stimulated ambition. His eyes began to develop the existing standard self-standards products, developed to developing countries, independent new standard - it is a risky and imaginative scheme will affect the entire wireless mobile communications industry chain structure into . Until now, Li Shihe appears in confidence, 3G standard room without any technical difference, but artificially setting the protection of intellectual property rights, the final analysis, the distribution of benefits issues.
"In 1993, QUALCOMM Incorporated and produced the new standard CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), I also study the technology, then think about how over it." Year, Li was transferred to the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Science and Technology When the vice president of the Institute, where he met two "like-minded" people. One of Motorola's semiconductor division in the work of the project manager Chen Wei, the other is the University of Texas at Austin Assistant Professor Xu Guanghan, the two Chinese students would have wanted to do a CDMA-compatible programs, but the patent talks with Qualcomm can not to reach a compromise, only to abandon CDMA, the study of new programs - SCDMA (Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access). That year in June, Lee and two long talks behind closed doors for three days in Beijing to discuss the many new technologies, and it identifies the use of time division duplex, that is the key element TD. Li Shihe from TD and tied a piece of life.
The spring of 1995, the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Technology Division Zhou Huan, and Li Shihe have met in the United States side of a classroom at the University of Texas, they warm, unfettered discussion of the four days, the formation of a program called TDS the shape, as Zhou Huan, superior leadership finalized: the dry!
Zhou Huan, may not have thought him the green light, will profoundly affect China and the world after years of third-generation mobile communications market structure. And his own hindsight, Li Shihe become their "honored person."
2 Death Customs
"On 3G, light on the existing 2G network, upgrade or replace the investment in the tens of billions," until now, Lee continues to believe that frank talk, "TD-SCDMA development, an advantage is the national card." This is the biggest trump card in the hands TDS.
November 1995, the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Research Institute of Science and Technology established a joint venture with Cwill Xinwei Telecom Technology Co., Ltd., Li Shihe as chairman, Chen Wei, general manager. Li Shihe some advantages in drawing SCDMA has conducted on the basis of a new transformation, formulated the TDS system specifications. However, at this time, as a close ally of Chen Wei and Xu Guanghan, but then had doubts the success of TDS, and eventually leave. As a paper from the standard assumptions, to become the recognized standards, to study the development of mature and put into commercial, will be a very long, but also extremely costly to do.
The right to be worried. Li Shihe and the subsequent development of TDS is indeed beset with obstacles. Li Shihe which my personality problems, Li said that under the system in state-run Institute of Director-General is not very smooth, some decision-making is not a problem from a business point of view, the TDS of the development plan, the plan must be approved each time waiting for money cumbersome approval, which to some extent affected the R & D efficiency. "Li Lao Shi Tai frank, its own way, when the official had with the minister, the president pounded his desk." Lee, a student said.
TDS is also the last born of life and death after a two pass, first off the 1997 "Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications Xiangshan meeting." Li Shihe recalled that this meeting will decide to not submit to the ITU TDS program. Most people are opposed to playing "the game traditionally played by foreigners," but even behind the TDS has been strongly supported the position of the last dynasty, the last time the Department of Science and Technology Committee of Posts and Telecommunications Song Zhiyuan reached a conclusion: The total for the first time, there was always give it a try!
Second off the most breathtaking in the first place. November 1998, ITU held in London on the eighth organized the 15th meeting, determine the medium in Japan and South Korea the United States and Europe out of the 10 programs in a number of items. ITU was to represent the interests of the United States on behalf of the European interests of CDMA2000 and WCDMA are fighting was intense, to the exclusion from China's TDS is a plus. Zhou Huan Li Shihe once again become the "honored person," he led the Ministry of Information Industry for help, then, the Chinese Ministry of Information Industry sent a letter to the foreign institutions in China, to remind them of "block on the TDS likely consequences." In the vast Chinese market under the temptation of the youngest and weakest of the TDS can be retained. "Zhou has been helping us withstand the pressure from all sides. Without him in the above Kang Zhu, TDS stage of today."
Finally, in May 2000, Plenary Session of the ITU in Turkey, China Datang Group (formerly the Ministry of Information Industry and Technology Research Institute, Zhou Huan, chairman) of the TDS system was adopted as an international vote of the three major 3G standards, and Europe the WCDMA and CDMA2000 tied the United States.
However, this development is not smooth sailing. In fact, at this time mobile communications industry in China developed rapidly, the Chinese Government to develop third generation mobile communications standard used which will greatly affect the relevant interest groups, domestic and international business prospects. Interests of the stimulation, the frequency of the current crises, TDS struggling with.
In 2000, Li Shihe where the Ministry of Information Industry Science and Technology Research Institute restructured Datang Telecom Technology Industry Group, Zhou Huan, chairman and CEO. That year in September, as the development of host TDS Li Shihe also said that China's telecom operators can be used in the 2001 TDS pilot 3G network, while Datang Telecom's main task is to make TDS mature and industrialization. However, as the beginning of feared, TDS after they have been modified into a continually improve the stage, bank loans there over a piece of land then, but until the end of 2001, under the TDS standard is still a functioning prototype did not make it.
"To be honest, TDS, after one of the international standards, and how industrialization is my greatest anxiety, heart does not end." Li Shihe said. Then, 3G has begun in the international business, which makes Lee and his partners were more pressure. For large commercial interests, the international communications equipment manufacturers have lobbied to China, put pressure on issuing 3G licenses as soon as possible, TDS and Datang into the market at any time abandon the position. In this difficult time, Ministry of Information Industry experts launched a 3G technology test, TDS, WCDMA, CDMA2000 three techniques for testing, and in April 2002 conclusion:
WCDMA and CDMA2000 do not have the commercial conditions. The industry for the time being quiet.
Calm is only temporary. As long as there is no commercially available TDS the full grasp, if the Chinese government licensing 3G, even if we manage to enter the market, applications in the market will bear unpredictable risks. First half of 2003, the EU decision as soon as possible once again urged China to adopt WCDMA, but in the fall, the president of multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturers have come to China to lobby the Chinese Government to release 3G licenses in an attempt to open this huge market in one fell swoop.
That year, Li Shihe very anxious, he needs a race against time, as soon as possible TDS mature, this time Lee has 60 years of age, to the statutory retirement age, however, "this 2056 is my most death-defying time! "
This life
Market doubts
In an interview, many operators and equipment manufacturers who have privately expressed concerns TDS, but related to public interviews, the policy makers of all the basic are "too sensitive" refused to discuss TDS. Have informed people that the operators / equipment manufacturers as early as 23 years ago, the relevant departments have been notified of the TDS can not speak without permission. TDS is in the third phase of the current tests, large-scale commercial about the crucial topic of the parties TDS is cautious.
The Chinese Government has spared no effort in support of the TDS. State Planning Commission, Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Information Industry in October 2002 began to bring together Datang and Huawei, ZTE and other domestic manufacturers to form "TD-SCDMA Industry Alliance," was the only international partners - the loss of confidence once on the TDS R & D, Siemens also TDS systems that increase R & D expenses.
2003 8-10 Li Shihe of months is the highest exposure time. In 2003, the 3G summit after another, the media and the industry will smell the smell of the country, will soon begin to retire Lee frequently invited to an interview to talk about feelings. On various occasions, Li Shihe spared no effort to publicize TDS, and that it will change China's mobile communications equipment is almost entirely import situation, the Chinese telecommunications equipment manufacturers will bring in huge profits.
In fact, before the establishment of TDS League, the league's most powerful ZTE, Huawei and Putian are the other two 3G standards (WCDMA and CDMA2000) on the charge under the re-injection, R & D related products. For those outside the country than Datang equipment manufacturers, as well as China Mobile and other major carriers, in turn of the century, the other relatively mature international standard has been in a foreign country into the business, they seem difficult to understand 3G has been in the West the case of the road, the state re-Qing Li foster a new standard of significance?
December 2003, China Mobile chairman Wang Xiaochu publicly expressed hope that the use of WCDMA 3G network standard as the Mainland, and then to TDS as a supplement. "TD-SCDMA equipment manufacturers not to mention our own strength, incompetent, one TD run on the choice of operators is a difficult choice."
After the founding of TDS Industry Alliance, Grand Union opened up to the fact most of the patent, was "leading to talk with us so that we remain open to the patent, and the last dynasty beginning I have not understand, then think about it, we are not individuals , but work for the nation. "Li Shihe recalls," when the likelihood of success, why should not some of their technology feelings? "Lee questioned the domestic counterparts, as well as operators of mind. "In Japan and Europe, which operators use standards prescribed by the Government. Communication is a very special industry, not a simple market economy. The system operator what to do, what technology is determined by the Government . "Li Shihe said," we do things beyond the scope of an enterprise's ability to have an act of state. "
Supporter of the state will
The state has continued with the support of TDS. Li Shihe feel encouraged him most days is December 9, 2004, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visited the Netherlands, Philips TDS headquarters to answer a mobile network from China's international long distance; the next morning, Datang Move it to the media presentation in Beijing, TDS video phone. Another exciting day that he was on Jan. 20, 2006, MII announced that TDS has become a communication industry standards, which means that the Chinese Government that the standard technology program has matured, the only unknown is China's 3G licensing standards in the three years when it accounted for much of the seats.
The situation step by step towards the development of good direction. China 3G licenses to set aside a few years, Datang Mobile pay close attention to the vertical and horizontal alliances work, started in 2002, organized TDS Industry Alliance, a strong domestic partner, followed by Philips, Samsung and other international companies formed the core of TDS R & D joint ventures, have launched commercial mobile project of TDS, Ministry of Information Industry took part in the three major 3G standards for the organization of the second phase of testing, did not cast too much energy in the TDS on Huawei, Siemens is also jointly developed with the end of 2004 from the 3G product, Siemens has now joined hands to the standard Chinese partners invested about 1.7 billion euros, Nokia and partners invested 111 million U.S. dollars, Motorola, Ericsson, Nortel, Alcatel and Lucent, were also competing to catch up with TD- SCDMA tide. Some of the struggling equipment vendors such as Lucent, but also hope that China will start 3G can help reverse the destiny. When in February 2006, China Mobile executives Wang 3GSM Congress in Barcelona, the report said that it will participate in the highest ticket sold nearly 50,000 yuan one.
"TDS is questioned even the most vicious, I still found it necessary to be successful." Li Shihe mobile communications have their own process of doing summarized as "defeated, will keep on fighting." Now, TDS's future as the beach in Sanya and the sun, it seems it is quite good.
After retirement as a senior technology consultant Datang Mobile Li, while busy on the TDS standard technology upgrade, while as in 2000 as the best estimate from the application of TD-SCDMA mobile phone prospects, or estimate the 3G mobile phone users by 2010 will 1.5 million, or advance the cost for operators playing account.
"For me, it made this thing for 11 years was enough." Li Chongqing, with its vigorous accent said.
Future
3G vision of a businessman
In large enterprises dazzling step, not the context of this major industry of the relative lack of face in the crowd. Walk in the door for 3G for Chen Xing, 3G is his starting point is another important cause of life.
Chen Xing, 35, a Mandarin accent, with a clear south-east, the choice of rapid. At this point, he is standing at the company office looked out the window was the East Third Ring Road in Beijing, CCTV new building is under construction. "In the future lot across the street to go there because there is a future source of the most important resource." Chen smiled and said he could imagine the 3G era, he thought the most easily to mind should be one of the phone watching TV, and he in fact involved in mobile TV industry for almost 5 years. Chen is now with the Beijing Shenzhou Xing Telecommunications palm, vice president of Information Technology Co., Ltd.. This is a streaming media to focus on to move (to release the data stream in real time audio and video multimedia content, the media) business, mobile value-added services SP (telecommunications service provider) business.
"In the future you can not expect a lot of services, and alone I am familiar with mobile streaming media, have developed many forms of business I could not imagine," Chen said with a smile, "Once China's 3G license issuance, more creativity will be stimulated. "
Mobile communication industry chain development of each type upgrade wave, starting always from the mobile communication technology providers and equipment manufacturers to create public opinion by promoting, for operators to draw a better vision; when operators began to join in this vision will be integrated role, the lead integrated equipment suppliers, terminal manufacturers and SP, CP's resources to the various roles in the new user access to new development platform.
"I prepare in advance for 3G"
Chen Hsing University School of fact, when the portfolio, graduate read financial computer, then the concept of the Oriental Pearl Tower in Shanghai stocks only make a lot of money. As it happens, now he's mobile TV content providers - is also in Shanghai Shanghai Media agency. Chen once in SARFT widely cable subsidiary. In 2001, Chen entered the diplomatic network of satellite, mobile TV industry began to get involved. Has left the star jumped ship to the Shenzhou palm Zhongguang Wang Chen News, recently put the mobile TV as a "core value-added services for 3G," and prepared a detailed information, feel free to promote his collaborators.
Cross into the net in charge of telecommunications satellites and Shenzhou site can be found here, has begun to take "independent television" appearance, customers can select entertainment, sports, music and other various television programs. February 26 this day, Chen CDMA1X out his cell phone, showed reporters his demand of the Olympic news, to illustrate the television screen as the phone can be smooth and high quality playback. For Chen, the wireless mobile communication network of the development of many unimaginable in the past has been the development of inspiration and creativity, even the simplicity of the business concept, Chen Hsing stressed words like: "Photography is a major event in 2004, music was in 2005 The event, watching television is a major event in 2006. "
In recent years, Chen is not a large concern year after year, day after day, speculation and discussion of 3G licenses, but to look at the more micro level, "I care about is a kind of mobile TV business model and content of the mode of exploration is to prepare in advance for the 3G, and accumulated experience. "For Chen, the quasi-3G's CDMA1X network gave him a training opportunity.
"I always hope that after the advent of 3G mobile TV in this business can do better."
3G, as Highway
Cui Xiaolong analyst at Analysys Consulting, a State's telecommunications building can be likened to road construction, if the operator in the 2G era is built, then the secondary road network, 3G era is to repair the highway network.
So, when 3G licensing will, in these highways, in the end be able to run what?
First of all, many people subconsciously think of mobile video. In the network from dial-up access to broadband era era, the growth of data transfer times space was first used by the video service. And Huang established in Europe and Hong Kong 3G network is video-centric business selling points, such as personal video telephony and streaming media business.
But 3G is not a highway to the user a way to watch television more than simple. The network, a web page is about the size of several hundreds of K to K, and replaced with 3G network to send, even if the terminal equipment is moving at high speed, but also fast in a few seconds to complete, we can in the morning wake up in bed, reading online news, check weather, and even download the songs, written to a friend E-mail, instead of holding the quilt went to boot the computer next to the Internet - almost all due to the rise of computer networks and information services, can developed in the 3G.
Opportunities to trillions
3G is considered epoch-making significance. It is estimated that, in our building a nationwide 3G mobile network, the funds needed thousands of 100 million yuan, which means that, as long as the Chinese government issued a 3G license, it could bring billions in market scale. If our government at the same time to Mobile, Unicom, Telecom, Netcom, Railcom five major carriers issuing 3G licenses, only five operators to build network equipment purchase amount will be more than 1 trillion yuan.
CATR is expected, 3G in China put into operation within 5 years after market introduction phase, and growth stage, 3G users will reach from 198 million to 266 million, operating income accumulated 6 years 3G will reach 1 trillion, 3G system equipment market will reach 590 billion total, 3G terminal market will reach 400 billion total.
China's two mobile telecommunications operators, China Mobile, China Unicom is a natural beneficiary of 3G, China Telecom, China Netcom, China Railcom, China Satcom and other times these 2G mobile communications onlookers, losing its appeal in the traditional fixed-line market capability, as they have been put into the domestic 3G mobile communications entry point, is also a variety of ways for departments of all ages. As a representative of overseas manufacturers, Siemens recognized that carriers competing with China in time for the Olympics before and after the launch of 3G services, Siemens can earn one billion euros from at least. But China's domestic manufacturers such as mobile terminals, mobile phone chips and other industrial vacuum there. This is regrettable, but also the opportunity lies.
For the operators, how to make money from people who have great ideas will change, from a voice message into the main charges to receive information on fee-based services, which will give thousands of mobile content providers ( CP) to bring the business and first to the endless possibilities.
Alert bubble
But 3G may be thrown in the gold rush similar to the rise of the Internet economy bubble. "3G is a possibility to bring an open mobile communications platform based on an infinite number of individual business may be." Said Wang Xiaolong, consumer acceptance is the key, "find the consumer-based user The real demand for service, others will follow dispersed bubble. "History shows that the development of the new economy, new technological developments for business dream, if they can not reach far-reaching range of social values, it can not go very far.
Professor Kan Kaili China University of Posts and Telecommunications is a rare "anti-3G" who, he maintains that the State has not by the market demand, then start 3G, operators will bring a heavy burden on the grounds that 3G is a huge investment in building their own "This will further exacerbate the loss of 3G." Kan Kaili that no matter how kind depicted in the current profitability prospects for 3G, which has been granted the proposition.
However, Policy Research Institute, CATR Chen Jinqiao, director of the China 3G licensing has been following the development of that confidence, he thinks the Chinese government 3G policy in preparation for a very detailed, and even the Chinese telecommunications industry, "after the 3G age "comprehensive supporting policies, including the monitoring system of adjustment, operating structure optimization, industrial chain development.
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